temp/gtk+3.0: upgrade from 3.24.20 -> 3.24.23 + removal of patches not needed anymore

This MR updates GTK to the newest tag from Purism and removes unneeded patches (Purism's source had them exactly where the patch pointed to).

Here's the source code if anyone wants to double check.

I also considered removing check-version.py:

# Upstream forgot to include this in the tarball
# https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk/-/merge_requests/1776
mv "$srcdir"/check-version.py .

since the MR was merged 6 months ago, and looking at the source I was able to find it.

I decided to not touch it since the past PostmarketOS version had the patch even if the file was in the source. Alpine also didn't remove it after the merge.